Disclaimer: This is general health information only and not a substitute for medical advice. See a doctor for personalised assessment.
1. What is sunburn?
Sunburn is skin damage caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning devices. It can affect any exposed area, causing redness, pain, swelling, and sometimes blistering. Repeated sunburn increases the risk of long-term skin damage and skin cancer.
2. What are the symptoms of sunburn?
Symptoms include:
- Red, warm, or tender skin
- Swelling or tightness of the skin
- Blisters in more severe cases
- Peeling or flaking a few days after the burn
- Fatigue, fever, chills, nausea, or headache in severe burns
Mild sunburn may just cause redness and discomfort, while severe burns can significantly impact daily activities.
3. How soon does sunburn appear?
Mild sunburn can appear within a few hours after sun exposure, with redness peaking around 12–24 hours. Pain and sensitivity may last 2–5 days, and in severe cases, blisters may form after 24–48 hours.
4. How is sunburn treated?
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting skin healing:
- Cool compresses or lukewarm showers to soothe the skin
- Moisturising creams or aloe vera gel to reduce dryness and irritation
- Oral pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen for discomfort
- Hydration to replace fluids lost due to skin inflammation
- Avoid further sun exposure until fully healed
Blisters should not be popped, as this increases infection risk.
5. When should I seek medical attention?
Seek urgent medical care if you experience:
- Extensive blistering
- Severe pain not relieved by over-the-counter medication
- Fever, chills, or body aches
- Signs of infection (pus, increased redness, warmth)
- Confusion, dizziness, or fainting
Young children, elderly, or immunocompromised individuals should be assessed promptly, even for moderate burns.
6. Can sunburn cause long-term problems?
Repeated sunburn damages the skin, causing:
- Premature aging, wrinkles, and dark spots
- Increased risk of skin cancers, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma
- Scarring or permanent pigmentation changes from severe burns
Even mild burns add cumulative damage over time.
7. How can sunburn be prevented?
Preventive measures include:
- Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) generously and reapply every 2 hours or after swimming/sweating
- Wear protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-blocking sunglasses
- Seek shade between 10 am and 4 pm when UV is strongest
- Avoid tanning beds and prolonged sun exposure
- Encourage children to wear sunscreen and protective clothing outdoors
8. Can I use sunscreen on already sunburned skin?
Yes, using a gentle, fragrance-free sunscreen can protect healing skin from further UV damage. Avoid products with alcohol or strong fragrances, which may irritate damaged skin.
9. Are some people more at risk?
Yes. People with fair skin, red or blonde hair, light-colored eyes, children, and those taking medications that increase sun sensitivity (e.g., certain antibiotics or acne medications) are more prone to sunburn. People with weakened immunity or skin conditions may also burn more easily.
10. Can sunburn be “cured”?
Sunburn heals over time, usually within 3–7 days for mild burns. Blisters or severe burns may take longer. Supportive care, hydration, pain relief, and avoiding further sun exposure are essential. Healing skin should be protected with sunscreen and clothing to prevent additional damage.
