This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is sciatica?
Sciatica refers to pain caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the buttocks and legs. It usually causes sharp, shooting, or burning pain along this pathway.
2. What are the common symptoms?
Symptoms may include lower back pain, buttock pain, shooting pain down the leg, tingling, numbness, or weakness. The pain is often worse when bending, coughing, or sitting for long periods.
3. What causes sciatica?
Common causes include a bulging or herniated disc, spinal arthritis, muscle tightness (especially in the buttock), spinal stenosis, or poor posture. Sometimes it can occur after lifting heavy objects or twisting awkwardly.
4. How is sciatica diagnosed?
A GP diagnoses sciatica through a physical examination, checking your spine, leg strength, and nerve function. Imaging is only considered if symptoms are severe, persistent, or associated with red flags such as significant weakness.
5. How is sciatica treated?
Treatment includes rest, gentle walking, physiotherapy exercises, heat or cold packs, and pain relief such as paracetamol or NSAIDs if suitable. Your GP may recommend muscle relaxants or refer you for physiotherapy.
6. Can sciatica get better on its own?
Yes. Many cases improve within a few weeks with conservative care. Staying lightly active rather than bed rest is usually recommended to speed up recovery.
7. Is surgery ever needed?
Surgery is only considered if there is severe nerve compression, ongoing weakness, loss of bladder or bowel control, or pain that persists for months despite all other treatments. Most people never require surgery.
8. What exercises help sciatica?
Gentle stretching of the lower back, hamstrings, and glute muscles can help relieve pressure on the sciatic nerve. A physiotherapist can tailor exercises for strengthening the core and improving posture.
9. What should I avoid when I have sciatica?
Avoid heavy lifting, sudden twisting, prolonged sitting, and high-impact activities until symptoms improve. Poor posture and long periods of rest can slow recovery.
10. When should I see a GP urgently?
Seek urgent medical care if you develop sudden severe pain, significant leg weakness, numbness around the groin, or difficulty controlling your bladder or bowel. These symptoms may indicate a more serious spinal problem.
