Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What are PPIs?
PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) are medicines that reduce stomach acid production. Common examples include omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, and lansoprazole.
2. What are PPIs used for?
PPIs are used to treat conditions related to excess stomach acid, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD/heartburn), stomach and duodenal ulcers, inflammation of the oesophagus, and to protect the stomach when taking NSAIDs.
3. How do PPIs work?
PPIs block the proton pumps in the stomach lining that produce acid. This allows the stomach and oesophagus to heal and helps relieve symptoms like pain and burning.
4. How should PPIs be taken?
PPIs are usually taken once daily, 30–60 minutes before meals, often before breakfast. Some conditions may require twice-daily dosing as advised by a doctor.
5. What are the common side effects?
Common side effects include headache, nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Most people tolerate PPIs well.
6. Are there risks with long-term PPI use?
Long-term use may be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, low magnesium levels, bone fractures, kidney problems, and gut infections. PPIs should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary time.
7. Who should be cautious with PPIs?
People with osteoporosis, kidney disease, or those taking certain medications should discuss PPI use with their doctor. Dose adjustment or monitoring may be needed.
8. Can PPIs interact with other medicines?
Yes. PPIs can interact with some medicines, including certain blood thinners, antifungal drugs, and medications that require stomach acid for absorption.
9. Can PPIs be stopped suddenly?
Stopping PPIs suddenly may cause rebound acid production, leading to worsened symptoms. Gradual dose reduction or step-down therapy is often recommended.
10. When should I seek medical advice?
Seek medical advice if symptoms persist despite treatment, if you have difficulty swallowing, unintentional weight loss, vomiting blood, black stools, or if you need long-term PPI use.
