Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is paronychia?
Paronychia is an infection or inflammation of the skin around a fingernail or toenail. It usually affects the nail fold and can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-lasting).
2. What causes paronychia?
Paronychia is commonly caused by bacteria or fungi entering the skin through small breaks, such as from nail biting, picking, manicures, ingrown nails, or frequent exposure to water and irritants.
3. What are the symptoms of paronychia?
Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, warmth, and sometimes pus around the nail. Chronic paronychia may cause nail discoloration, thickening, or separation from the nail bed.
4. What is the difference between acute and chronic paronychia?
Acute paronychia develops quickly and is usually bacterial, causing pain and pus. Chronic paronychia lasts for weeks or months and is often related to repeated irritation or fungal infection, with less pain but ongoing swelling and nail changes.
5. How is paronychia diagnosed?
Paronychia is usually diagnosed by clinical examination. Swabs or further tests are rarely needed unless the infection is severe, recurrent, or not responding to treatment.
6. How is paronychia treated?
Treatment depends on severity and cause. Mild cases may improve with warm saltwater soaks and keeping the area dry. Antibiotics, antifungal treatments, or drainage of pus may be required for more severe cases.
7. Can paronychia be prevented?
Yes. Prevention includes avoiding nail biting and picking, keeping nails trimmed, protecting hands from excessive moisture or chemicals, and using gloves for wet work.
8. Is paronychia serious?
Most cases are mild and resolve with treatment. However, untreated infections can spread deeper into the finger or toe and cause complications, especially in people with diabetes or poor circulation.
9. When should I see a doctor?
You should see a doctor if there is severe pain, increasing redness or swelling, pus, fever, or no improvement after a few days, or if you have underlying health conditions such as diabetes.
10. Can paronychia come back?
Yes. Paronychia can recur, especially if nail trauma or repeated moisture exposure continues. Addressing the underlying causes helps reduce recurrence.
