Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is metformin?
Metformin is an oral medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It helps control blood glucose levels and is often the first-line treatment.
2. What is metformin used for?
Metformin is used to lower blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It is also sometimes prescribed for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance.
3. How does metformin work?
Metformin works by reducing glucose production in the liver, improving the body’s sensitivity to insulin, and decreasing glucose absorption from the gut.
4. How should metformin be taken?
Metformin should be taken with or after meals to reduce stomach side effects. It may be taken once or twice daily, depending on the formulation and prescription.
5. What are the common side effects?
Common side effects include nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort, bloating, and metallic taste. These often improve after the first few weeks.
6. Are there serious side effects?
A rare but serious side effect is lactic acidosis, especially in people with severe kidney or liver disease. Long-term use may also be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
7. Who should not take metformin?
Metformin may not be suitable for people with severe kidney disease, advanced liver disease, or conditions causing poor oxygen supply. Your doctor will assess kidney function before prescribing.
8. Can metformin cause low blood sugar?
Metformin alone does not usually cause hypoglycaemia. The risk increases if it is taken with other diabetes medications or insulin.
9. Can metformin be taken during pregnancy?
In some cases, metformin may be used during pregnancy or for gestational diabetes under specialist guidance. Always discuss risks and benefits with your doctor.
10. When should I seek medical advice?
Seek medical advice if you develop severe vomiting or diarrhoea, signs of low blood sugar, unexplained fatigue, muscle pain, or if your diabetes control worsens.
