This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is low back pain?
Low back pain is discomfort or pain in the lower part of the spine. It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks) and can range from mild soreness to severe pain that limits movement.
2. What are the common causes?
Common causes include muscle or ligament strain, poor posture, lifting heavy objects incorrectly, sedentary lifestyle, degenerative disc disease, osteoarthritis, or injury. Rarely, it can be caused by infections, fractures, or tumors.
3. What are the typical symptoms?
Symptoms include dull or sharp pain in the lower back, stiffness, difficulty bending or standing upright, muscle spasms, and occasionally pain radiating down the legs (sciatica).
4. How is low back pain diagnosed?
A GP usually diagnoses low back pain through medical history and physical examination. They assess posture, range of motion, reflexes, and nerve function. Imaging or further tests are only needed if red-flag symptoms are present.
5. How is low back pain treated?
Most low back pain improves with self-care: staying active, gentle stretching, applying heat or cold packs, and over-the-counter pain relief (paracetamol or NSAIDs if suitable). Physical therapy, ergonomic adjustments, and lifestyle changes can help prevent recurrence.
6. Can low back pain resolve on its own?
Yes. Many cases of acute low back pain improve within a few days to weeks with self-care, activity modification, and proper posture. Persistent or severe pain should be assessed by a GP.
7. When should I see a GP for low back pain?
See a GP if pain is severe, persistent beyond a few weeks, associated with numbness or weakness in the legs, loss of bladder or bowel control, unexplained weight loss, or history of trauma or underlying illness.
8. Can exercise help with low back pain?
Yes. Gentle stretching, strengthening core and back muscles, and low-impact activities like walking or swimming can relieve pain, improve flexibility, and prevent recurrence. A physiotherapist can provide a tailored program.
9. How can I prevent low back pain?
Maintain good posture, use proper lifting techniques, stay physically active, maintain a healthy weight, strengthen core muscles, and avoid prolonged sitting without breaks. Ergonomic adjustments at work can also help.
10. How can I manage low back pain during daily activities?
Modify activities to reduce strain, use supportive chairs or cushions, take regular breaks from sitting or lifting, maintain good posture, and perform gentle stretches throughout the day. Small adjustments can significantly reduce discomfort and improve function.
