Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is a digestive condition in which the body is unable to properly digest lactose, the natural sugar found in milk and dairy products. This happens because of low levels of the enzyme lactase, which is needed to break lactose down for absorption.
2. What causes lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance can be genetic, develop gradually with age, or occur after conditions that damage the lining of the small intestine. These include gut infections, coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, bowel surgery, or prolonged inflammation of the gut.
3. What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?
Symptoms usually begin within 30 minutes to a few hours after consuming dairy. They may include bloating, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, excessive gas, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. The severity depends on the amount of lactose consumed and individual tolerance.
4. How is lactose intolerance diagnosed?
Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and improvement after avoiding lactose. In some cases, breath tests or blood tests may be used to confirm lactose malabsorption.
5. How is lactose intolerance managed?
Management focuses on reducing lactose intake, choosing lactose-free dairy products, or using lactase enzyme tablets or drops. Most people do not need to completely avoid dairy.
6. Can people with lactose intolerance still eat dairy?
Many people can tolerate small amounts of lactose, especially when eaten with meals. Yoghurt and hard cheeses are often better tolerated than milk due to lower lactose content.
7. Is lactose intolerance the same as a milk allergy?
No. Lactose intolerance is a digestive enzyme deficiency, whereas milk allergy is an immune reaction that can cause hives, swelling, breathing problems, or anaphylaxis.
8. Can lactose intolerance cause nutrient deficiencies?
Avoiding dairy can increase the risk of calcium and vitamin D deficiency. It is important to include fortified alternatives or other calcium-rich foods.
9. Can lactose intolerance improve or resolve?
Lactose intolerance caused by gut infections or inflammation may be temporary. Genetic or age-related lactose intolerance is usually long-term but manageable.
10. When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if symptoms are persistent, severe, associated with weight loss, blood in stools, or if you are unsure whether symptoms are due to lactose intolerance or another condition.
