This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones regulate metabolism, energy levels, and many bodily functions, so a deficiency can slow down body processes.
2. What are the common symptoms?
Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, dry skin, hair thinning, constipation, slow heart rate, puffy face or hands, swelling, hoarseness, depression, and poor concentration. Symptoms often develop gradually.
3. What causes hypothyroidism?
The most common cause is autoimmune disease (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Other causes include iodine deficiency, certain medications, radiation therapy, thyroid surgery, and rare congenital conditions. Some cases occur after pregnancy (postpartum thyroiditis).
4. How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?
A GP diagnoses hypothyroidism using blood tests that measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels (T4, sometimes T3). High TSH with low thyroid hormones usually confirms the diagnosis.
5. How is hypothyroidism treated?
Treatment typically involves daily thyroid hormone replacement with levothyroxine. The dose is tailored based on blood tests and symptoms. Regular monitoring ensures the correct dose to maintain normal hormone levels.
6. Can hypothyroidism be cured?
Hypothyroidism is usually a lifelong condition, especially if caused by autoimmune disease. With proper treatment, people can lead normal, healthy lives. Some temporary causes, such as thyroiditis, may resolve over time.
7. What are the risks of untreated hypothyroidism?
Untreated hypothyroidism can cause severe fatigue, weight gain, high cholesterol, heart problems, infertility, and in extreme cases, myxedema—a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by severe swelling, low body temperature, and altered consciousness.
8. How often should blood tests be done?
After starting treatment, TSH and thyroid hormone levels are usually checked every 6–12 weeks until stabilized, then every 6–12 months. More frequent monitoring may be needed during pregnancy or if symptoms change.
9. Can lifestyle changes help?
Healthy diet, regular exercise, managing stress, and avoiding substances that interfere with thyroid absorption (like excessive soy or certain supplements) can support overall health, but thyroid hormone replacement is essential for proper management.
10. When should I see a GP urgently?
See a GP urgently if you develop extreme fatigue, confusion, swelling of the face or extremities, difficulty breathing, or other symptoms suggesting severe hypothyroidism or myxedema. Early treatment prevents serious complications.
