Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccine protects against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, which can cause cervical cancer, genital warts, and some other cancers. The most commonly used vaccine is Gardasil 9, which covers 9 HPV types: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.
2. Who should get the HPV vaccine?
The vaccine is recommended for pre-teens aged 9–14 years and is also available to older adolescents and adults up to 45 years in certain circumstances. Early vaccination provides the best protection before exposure to HPV.
3. How many doses are required?
Aged 9–25: Single dose is sufficient for full protection (as of February 2023 in Australia). Aged 26 and over: Usually three doses over six months are recommended if receiving the vaccine privately. Immunocompromised individuals: Three doses are required at any age to ensure a strong immune response.
4. How does the HPV vaccine work?
The vaccine trains the immune system to recognize and fight HPV types before infection occurs. It does not treat existing HPV infections or HPV-related disease.
5. Is the HPV vaccine safe?
Yes. The vaccine has been extensively studied and monitored. Common side effects include mild pain at the injection site, redness, swelling, or low-grade fever. Serious side effects are extremely rare.
6. Does the vaccine prevent all HPV infections?
No. Gardasil 9 covers the most common high-risk and wart-causing HPV types, but does not protect against all HPV types. Regular cervical screening is still recommended for ongoing monitoring.
7. Can adults benefit from the HPV vaccine?
Yes. Adults up to 45 years may receive the vaccine if they have not been previously vaccinated. While it is most effective before HPV exposure, it can still provide protection against HPV types not yet encountered.
8. Can the HPV vaccine replace cervical screening?
No. The vaccine reduces risk but does not eliminate it. Cervical screening is still recommended according to national guidelines, even for vaccinated individuals.
9. Can the HPV vaccine be given during pregnancy?
HPV vaccination is not routinely given during pregnancy. If a dose is missed while pregnant, it is usually rescheduled after delivery.
10. How long does protection last?
Current evidence shows the HPV vaccine provides long-lasting protection for at least 10 years, and ongoing studies suggest it may provide protection for life. Booster doses are generally not needed for the general population.
