This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP.
1. What is HFMD?
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease is a common viral illness caused by enteroviruses, usually affecting young children. It causes small ulcers in the mouth and a rash or blisters on the hands, feet, and sometimes the buttocks. Most cases are mild and children recover well.
2. How does HFMD spread?
HFMD spreads through saliva, mucus, fluid from blisters, and stool. It can also spread via coughing, sneezing, shared toys, and contaminated surfaces. Children are most contagious during the first week of illness but can still spread the virus for several weeks.
3. What are the symptoms?
Symptoms often start with fever, sore throat, and reduced appetite. Painful mouth ulcers may appear, making eating or drinking uncomfortable. A rash or small blisters develop on the palms, soles, and sometimes around the mouth or nappy area. Some children may be irritable or tired.
4. How long does HFMD last?
Most children recover within 7–10 days. Fever usually settles after 2–3 days, but mouth ulcers and rash may take longer to heal. The skin on the hands and feet may peel slightly during recovery—this is normal and not contagious.
5. How is HFMD treated?
Treatment focuses on comfort:
- Paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and pain (avoid aspirin).
- Cool fluids and soft foods to reduce mouth pain.
- Ice blocks can help soothe mouth ulcers.
- Avoid acidic foods (juice, citrus) as they can sting.
There is no specific antiviral medicine for HFMD.
6. When should I seek medical help?
Seek urgent care if your child has:
- Signs of dehydration (dry lips, less urine, not drinking).
- Severe headache, neck stiffness, or unusual drowsiness.
- Trouble swallowing or drooling due to mouth pain.
- Very high or persistent fever.
- Rash that looks infected (red, painful, oozing).
7. Can adults get HFMD?
Yes. Adults can catch HFMD, especially if caring for infected children. Symptoms may be mild or even unnoticed, but adults can still spread the virus.
8. Can my child go to childcare or school?
Children should stay home while they have fever or feel unwell. They can usually return once they are well and fever-free, even if some spots are still visible, as blisters generally stop being infectious once dry.
9. Is HFMD dangerous?
Most cases are mild. Rarely, certain strains can cause complications like dehydration or viral meningitis. Babies, pregnant women in late pregnancy, and immunocompromised individuals may need closer monitoring.
10. How can I prevent HFMD?
Good hygiene is the best prevention:
- Frequent handwashing with soap.
- Cleaning shared toys and surfaces.
- Avoiding sharing cups or utensils.
- Keeping sick children home until they feel better.