Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, usually due to increased pressure inside the eye. It can lead to gradual and permanent vision loss if not treated.
2. What causes glaucoma?
Glaucoma is most commonly caused by raised intra-ocular pressure due to reduced drainage of fluid from the eye. Other risk factors include age, family history, diabetes, high blood pressure, and long-term steroid use.
3. What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
Most types, especially open-angle glaucoma, cause no early symptoms and vision loss occurs gradually. Acute angle-closure glaucoma can cause sudden severe eye pain, headache, blurred vision, halos around lights, nausea, and vomiting.
4. How is glaucoma diagnosed?
Glaucoma is diagnosed through eye pressure measurement, optic nerve examination, visual field testing, and eye imaging performed by an optometrist or ophthalmologist.
5. Is glaucoma serious?
Yes. Glaucoma can cause permanent and irreversible vision loss if not detected and treated early. Early diagnosis helps preserve vision.
6. How is glaucoma treated?
Treatment aims to lower eye pressure and may include eye drops, laser treatment, or surgery. Long-term treatment and regular follow-up are usually required.
7. Can glaucoma be cured?
Glaucoma cannot be cured, but progression can usually be slowed or stopped with proper treatment and monitoring.
8. Who is at higher risk of glaucoma?
Higher-risk groups include older adults, people with a family history of glaucoma, people of African or Asian descent, and those with diabetes or high eye pressure.
9. How often should eyes be checked for glaucoma?
Regular eye examinations are recommended, especially for people over 40 or those with risk factors. Your eye care professional will advise on screening frequency.
10. When should I see a doctor urgently?
Seek urgent medical care if you experience sudden eye pain, rapid vision loss, severe headache, nausea, or vomiting, as these may indicate acute angle-closure glaucoma.
