Disclaimer: This is general health information only and not a substitute for medical advice. See a doctor for personalised assessment.
1. What is eczema?
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic skin condition that causes red, itchy, and inflamed skin. It often starts in childhood but can affect people of any age. Eczema tends to flare up periodically and then improve.
2. What causes eczema?
Eczema is caused by a combination of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. The skin barrier is often weaker, making it prone to dryness and irritation. Triggers include allergens, irritants, stress, temperature changes, and infections.
3. What are the symptoms?
Symptoms include:
- Red, dry, or scaly skin
- Itching, which can be intense
- Small bumps that may ooze or crust when scratched
- Thickened skin in chronic cases
Eczema commonly affects the face, hands, inner elbows, and behind the knees, but can appear anywhere.
4. How is eczema diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on appearance, history of flares, family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies. Doctors may perform tests to rule out other conditions or identify triggers.
5. How is eczema treated?
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing flares:
- Moisturising regularly to repair the skin barrier
- Topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory creams during flare-ups
- Antihistamines for severe itching (short-term)
- Avoiding known triggers, irritants, and harsh soaps
- In severe cases, oral medications or phototherapy may be recommended by a specialist
6. Can eczema be cured?
There is no permanent cure, but symptoms can usually be controlled. Many children outgrow eczema, and adults can manage flares with treatment and lifestyle measures.
7. Can diet affect eczema?
For some individuals, certain foods (e.g., dairy, eggs, nuts) may trigger flares, especially in children. Food triggers should be identified carefully with professional guidance. A balanced diet is important for overall skin health.
8. How can I prevent eczema flare-ups?
- Moisturise daily
- Avoid hot showers and harsh soaps
- Wear soft, breathable clothing
- Manage stress
- Keep nails short to reduce skin damage from scratching
- Identify and avoid triggers whenever possible
9. When should I see a doctor?
Seek medical advice if:
- The eczema is severe or widespread
- There are signs of infection (pus, increased redness, warmth)
- Over-the-counter treatments are not controlling symptoms
- Your child is scratching so much it affects sleep or daily activities
10. Can eczema affect quality of life?
Yes. Severe itching, visible rashes, and disrupted sleep can impact daily life and emotional wellbeing. With proper management, most people can keep eczema under control and maintain normal activities.
