This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is croup?
Croup is a common childhood condition that causes swelling around the voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), and upper airway. It typically results in a barking cough, hoarse voice, and noisy breathing (stridor), especially at night.
2. What age group is affected?
Croup most commonly affects children between 6 months and 5 years old. It is rare in older children and adults.
3. What causes croup?
Croup is usually caused by viral infections, most commonly parainfluenza virus. Other viruses like influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can also trigger croup. It is contagious through coughs, sneezes, or close contact.
4. What are the common symptoms?
- Barking cough
- Hoarse voice
- Noisy breathing (stridor), especially when inhaling
- Fever
- Mild difficulty breathing
Symptoms often worsen at night and improve during the day.
5. How is croup diagnosed?
A GP diagnoses croup based on the child’s symptoms and physical examination. The characteristic barking cough and stridor are usually enough for diagnosis. Rarely, X-rays or further tests are needed if symptoms are severe or atypical.
6. How is croup treated?
Most mild cases are managed at home with:
- Keeping the child calm
- Humidified air or cool night air
- Adequate fluids
For moderate or severe cases, a GP may prescribe: - Oral or inhaled corticosteroids to reduce airway swelling
- In rare severe cases, hospital care and nebulized adrenaline may be needed
7. Can croup be prevented?
Good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick children, and keeping vaccinations up to date can reduce the risk. However, not all cases can be prevented, as viruses are common and highly contagious.
8. Is croup dangerous?
Most cases are mild and resolve in a few days. Severe croup can cause significant breathing difficulty and requires urgent medical attention. Rapid deterioration can occur, particularly in younger children.
9. Can lifestyle changes help?
Yes. Minimizing exposure to respiratory infections, keeping the child smoke-free, and maintaining good overall health can help reduce the frequency and severity of croup episodes.
10. When should I see a GP urgently?
Seek urgent care if the child:
- Has difficulty breathing or fast breathing
- Shows blue lips or face
- Cannot speak or cry properly
- Is very lethargic or unresponsive
Early assessment ensures timely treatment and prevents complications.
