This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is a common cold?
A common cold is a mild viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, including the nose and throat. It is caused by viruses such as rhinoviruses and usually resolves within 7–10 days.
2. What are the common symptoms?
Runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, mild cough, low-grade fever, fatigue, and watery eyes. Symptoms usually develop gradually and vary between individuals.
3. How is a common cold different from the flu?
Colds are generally milder, with little or no fever and no severe body aches. Influenza often causes high fever, body aches, fatigue, and more significant weakness. Both are viral, but the flu can be more serious in vulnerable groups.
4. How is a common cold diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and clinical examination. Routine tests are not needed unless complications or another infection is suspected.
5. How is a common cold treated?
There is no cure for a cold. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms: rest, hydration, warm fluids, saline nasal sprays, and over-the-counter remedies such as paracetamol or ibuprofen for discomfort or fever.
6. Can antibiotics treat a common cold?
No. Antibiotics do not work against viruses and are not recommended. They are only needed if a bacterial infection develops as a complication.
7. How long does a common cold last?
Symptoms usually last 7–10 days. Some mild cough or nasal congestion may persist slightly longer, but most people recover fully without medical intervention.
8. How can I prevent catching a cold?
Frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, covering your mouth when sneezing or coughing, and avoiding touching your face can help. Maintaining good general health, including adequate sleep and nutrition, also lowers risk.
9. Is a common cold contagious?
Yes. The viruses that cause colds spread through droplets from sneezes and coughs, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your nose, mouth, or eyes.
10. When should I contact my GP for a cold?
Contact your GP if your symptoms worsen instead of improving, if you develop a high fever, shortness of breath, chest pain, persistent vomiting, or if you have underlying health conditions (like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease) that may increase the risk of complications.
