Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is coeliac disease?
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition in which eating gluten triggers an immune reaction that damages the lining of the small intestine. This damage affects nutrient absorption.
2. What causes coeliac disease?
Coeliac disease is caused by an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and may be triggered by infections, stress, or surgery.
3. What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?
Symptoms vary widely and may include diarrhoea, bloating, abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, anaemia, poor growth in children, mouth ulcers, skin rashes, headaches, and joint pain.
4. How is coeliac disease diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually involves blood tests for specific antibodies and confirmation with a small bowel biopsy. It is important to continue eating gluten before testing.
5. How is coeliac disease treated?
The only effective treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet, which allows the intestine to heal and prevents complications.
6. What foods contain gluten?
Gluten is found in foods containing wheat, barley, rye, and products made from these grains. Gluten can also be hidden in sauces, processed foods, and medications.
7. What happens if coeliac disease is untreated?
Untreated coeliac disease can lead to nutrient deficiencies, osteoporosis, infertility, growth problems, and increased risk of other autoimmune conditions.
8. Can coeliac disease affect nutrient absorption?
Yes. Damage to the small intestine can cause poor absorption of nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, calcium, and vitamin D, leading to deficiencies.
9. Can children have coeliac disease?
Yes. Coeliac disease can occur at any age, including childhood. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for normal growth and development.
10. When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if you have ongoing digestive symptoms, unexplained anaemia, weight loss, family history of coeliac disease, or concerns about gluten-related symptoms.
