Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is BPH?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men. The enlarged prostate can press on the urethra, affecting urine flow.
2. What are lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)?
LUTS are urinary symptoms caused by obstruction or irritation of the bladder or urethra. They are often linked to BPH but can have other causes. Symptoms are classified as:
– Storage symptoms: urgency, frequency, nocturia, incontinence
– Voiding symptoms: weak stream, hesitancy, straining, incomplete emptying
3. What causes BPH and LUTS?
BPH arises due to age-related hormonal changes, particularly increased activity of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which causes prostate growth. LUTS result from urinary obstruction, bladder dysfunction, or both.
4. What are the symptoms of BPH-related LUTS?
Common symptoms include:
Difficulty starting urination Weak or interrupted urine stream Frequent urination, especially at night Urgency or sudden need to urinate Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying Urinary dribbling after finishing
5. How are BPH and LUTS diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves:
Medical history and symptom questionnaire (e.g., IPSS) Physical examination including digital rectal exam Urine tests, blood tests for kidney function and PSA Imaging or urine flow studies if needed
6. Is BPH dangerous?
BPH itself is non-cancerous, but untreated severe obstruction can lead to urinary retention, recurrent infections, bladder stones, or kidney damage.
7. How are BPH and LUTS treated?
Treatment depends on severity:
Lifestyle measures: reduce evening fluids, limit caffeine/alcohol, bladder training
Medications: alpha-blockers to relax the prostate, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors to shrink the prostate, combination therapy in some cases
Minimally invasive procedures or surgery for severe symptoms or complications
8. Can lifestyle changes improve LUTS?
Yes. Regular physical activity, maintaining healthy weight, limiting caffeine/alcohol, scheduled voiding, and pelvic floor exercises can help reduce urinary symptoms.
9. Who is at higher risk of BPH and LUTS?
Risk factors include older age, family history, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Symptoms typically worsen gradually with age.
10. When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if you experience trouble urinating, blood in urine, recurrent urinary tract infections, or symptoms affecting daily life, as early evaluation can prevent complications and guide effective treatment.
