Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is Barrett’s oesophagus?
Barrett’s oesophagus is a condition in which the normal lining of the lower oesophagus changes to a different type of tissue, usually as a result of long-term acid reflux (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, GERD).
2. What causes Barrett’s oesophagus?
It is most commonly caused by chronic acid reflux, where stomach acid repeatedly irritates the oesophagus. Risk factors include long-standing reflux symptoms, obesity, smoking, male sex, and increasing age.
3. What are the symptoms of Barrett’s oesophagus?
Barrett’s oesophagus itself often causes no specific symptoms. Symptoms are usually related to reflux and may include heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort, and difficulty swallowing.
4. How is Barrett’s oesophagus diagnosed?
Diagnosis is made with an upper endoscopy, during which the oesophagus is examined and biopsies are taken to confirm tissue changes.
5. Is Barrett’s oesophagus serious?
Barrett’s oesophagus increases the risk of oesophageal cancer, but the overall risk for most people is low. Regular monitoring helps detect changes early.
6. How is Barrett’s oesophagus treated?
Treatment focuses on controlling acid reflux using medications such as proton pump inhibitors and lifestyle changes. In some cases, procedures may be needed if there are precancerous changes.
7. Will Barrett’s oesophagus go away?
The tissue change is usually permanent, but good reflux control can prevent progression and reduce symptoms.
8. How often does Barrett’s oesophagus need monitoring?
Monitoring depends on biopsy results. Many people require regular endoscopy every few years to check for progression or early cancer changes.
9. What lifestyle changes help Barrett’s oesophagus?
Helpful measures include weight management, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol, reducing trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and avoiding lying down soon after eating.
10. When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if you have long-standing reflux symptoms, difficulty swallowing, unintentional weight loss, vomiting blood, or black stools, or if you have been diagnosed with Barrett’s oesophagus and have new or worsening symptoms.
