Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is male hypogonadism?
Male hypogonadism is a condition in which the testes do not produce enough testosterone, the main male sex hormone. Low testosterone levels can affect sexual function, fertility, muscle mass, bone health, mood, and overall energy levels.
2. What causes male hypogonadism?
Male hypogonadism can be caused by problems with the testes themselves, known as primary hypogonadism, or by problems with the brain areas that control hormone production, such as the pituitary or hypothalamus, known as secondary hypogonadism. Causes include ageing, genetic conditions, testicular injury or infection, chronic medical illnesses, obesity, certain medications, and pituitary disorders.
3. What are the symptoms of male hypogonadism?
Symptoms may include reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, low energy, depressed mood, reduced muscle mass, increased body fat, decreased body hair, hot flushes, and infertility. Some men may also experience reduced concentration and motivation.
4. How is male hypogonadism diagnosed?
Diagnosis is made through blood tests measuring testosterone levels, usually taken in the morning when levels are highest. Additional hormone tests may be required to determine whether the cause is primary or secondary, and further investigations may be needed to identify underlying conditions.
5. Is male hypogonadism serious?
Male hypogonadism can be serious if untreated, as low testosterone levels are associated with osteoporosis, reduced muscle strength, increased cardiovascular risk, sexual dysfunction, and reduced quality of life.
6. How is male hypogonadism treated?
Treatment usually involves testosterone replacement therapy, which may be given as injections, gels, patches, or implants. The choice of treatment depends on individual factors and requires regular monitoring by a healthcare professional.
7. Can male hypogonadism be cured?
Some cases can be reversed if the underlying cause is identified and treated, such as stopping a causative medication or managing a pituitary disorder. Other cases are long-term and require ongoing testosterone replacement therapy.
8. When should I see a doctor?
You should see a doctor if you experience persistent symptoms such as low libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, reduced muscle strength, mood changes, or infertility.
9. Can male hypogonadism affect fertility?
Yes, male hypogonadism can reduce sperm production and lead to infertility. Testosterone replacement therapy does not improve fertility and may reduce sperm production, so fertility-preserving treatments may be needed for men wishing to have children.
10. What are the possible complications of male hypogonadism?
Complications can include infertility, osteoporosis, reduced muscle mass, increased body fat, sexual dysfunction, mood disorders, and reduced quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help reduce these risks.