Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is COPD?
COPD is a chronic lung disease that causes persistent airflow limitation and breathing difficulty. It mainly includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema and usually worsens gradually over time.
2. What causes COPD?
The most common cause of COPD is long-term smoking. Other causes include exposure to air pollution, occupational dusts or chemicals, second-hand smoke, and rarely genetic conditions such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
3. What are the symptoms of COPD?
Symptoms include chronic cough, sputum production, shortness of breath (especially with activity), wheezing, chest tightness, and frequent chest infections. Symptoms often worsen over time.
4. How is COPD diagnosed?
COPD is diagnosed using lung function testing (spirometry), which measures airflow limitation. Medical history and physical examination also help confirm the diagnosis.
5. Is COPD the same as asthma?
No. COPD and asthma are different conditions. COPD is usually progressive and not fully reversible, whereas asthma symptoms are often reversible with treatment. Some people may have features of both conditions.
6. How is COPD treated?
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving quality of life. This may include inhalers, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccinations, oxygen therapy in advanced cases, and managing flare-ups promptly.
7. Can COPD be cured?
COPD cannot be cured, but treatment can significantly improve symptoms, reduce flare-ups, and slow progression, especially if started early.
8. What lifestyle changes help COPD?
The most important step is stopping smoking. Regular exercise, pulmonary rehabilitation, healthy nutrition, avoiding lung irritants, and staying up to date with vaccinations are also important.
9. What is a COPD flare-up?
A flare-up (exacerbation) is a sudden worsening of symptoms, often triggered by infections or pollution. Early treatment helps reduce severity and hospitalisation risk.
10. When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if you have persistent breathlessness, chronic cough, frequent chest infections, or worsening symptoms, or if you smoke and are concerned about lung health.
