Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is haemochromatosis?
Haemochromatosis is a condition in which the body absorbs too much iron from food, leading to excess iron being stored in organs such as the liver, heart, pancreas, and joints.
2. What causes haemochromatosis?
The most common form is hereditary haemochromatosis, caused by genetic changes that affect iron regulation. Less commonly, iron overload can occur due to repeated blood transfusions or certain medical conditions.
3. What are the symptoms of haemochromatosis?
Symptoms may be mild or absent early on. As iron builds up, symptoms can include fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, skin darkening, diabetes, liver problems, heart issues, and reduced sex drive.
4. How is haemochromatosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is made with blood tests showing high iron levels and iron stores, and may be confirmed with genetic testing. Further tests may assess organ involvement.
5. How is haemochromatosis treated?
The main treatment is regular venesection (therapeutic blood removal) to lower iron levels. The frequency depends on iron levels and response to treatment.
6. How long does treatment last?
Treatment is usually lifelong. After iron levels are controlled, ongoing maintenance venesection is required to prevent iron from building up again.
7. Can haemochromatosis cause serious complications?
Yes. Untreated haemochromatosis can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and joint damage.
8. Should family members be tested?
Yes. Close relatives of people with hereditary haemochromatosis may be advised to have screening blood tests or genetic testing.
9. Are dietary changes needed?
People may be advised to avoid iron supplements, limit alcohol, and avoid excess vitamin C supplements, which increase iron absorption.
10. When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if you have symptoms suggestive of iron overload, abnormal iron blood tests, or a family history of haemochromatosis.
