Disclaimer: This is general health information only and is not a substitute for advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What are head lice?
Head lice are tiny insects that live on the scalp and feed on blood. They are highly contagious and commonly affect children, causing itching and discomfort. Nits (lice eggs) may be seen attached to hair shafts.
2. How do head lice spread?
Head lice spread mainly through direct head-to-head contact, which is common during play, school, or sports. They do not jump or fly. Sharing hats, hairbrushes, combs, or pillows can also spread lice, although direct contact is the most common way.
3. What are the symptoms of head lice?
- Itching of the scalp, neck, or behind the ears
- Red bumps or sores from scratching
- Visible lice or nits on hair shafts
- Difficulty sleeping in some cases, as lice are more active at night
4. How are head lice diagnosed?
Head lice are usually diagnosed by careful inspection of the scalp and hair, ideally with a fine-toothed comb. Nits may be easier to see than live lice.
5. How are head lice treated?
Treatment includes:
- Over-the-counter or prescription lice lotions/shampoos
- Wet combing with a fine-toothed lice comb to remove lice and nits
- Repeat treatment after 7–10 days to kill newly hatched lice
- Washing bed linens, hats, and recently worn clothing in hot water
6. Can head lice go away without treatment?
Head lice usually do not go away on their own and can continue to multiply. Prompt treatment is recommended to prevent spreading to others.
7. Can adults get head lice?
Yes, adults can get head lice, especially after close contact with an infested child or family member. Adults often have milder symptoms.
8. How can I prevent head lice?
- Avoid head-to-head contact with infested people
- Do not share combs, hats, hair accessories, or pillows
- Check children’s hair regularly, especially during outbreaks at school
9. When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if:
- Over-the-counter treatments are ineffective
- There is severe itching, sores, or infection from scratching
- Recurrent infestations are occurring despite good hygiene and treatment
10. Can head lice cause serious health problems?
No. Head lice do not spread disease and are not a health risk, but itching and scratching can cause secondary skin infections if left untreated. Prompt treatment and prevention help control outbreaks.
