This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP.
1. What are varicose veins?
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that commonly appear on the legs. They develop when the valves inside the veins weaken, causing blood to pool and veins to become visible, swollen, or bulging. They can be mainly a cosmetic concern but sometimes cause discomfort.
2. What causes varicose veins?
Varicose veins occur when the valves that help push blood upward against gravity become faulty. Risk factors include genetics, pregnancy, standing for long periods, ageing, obesity, lack of exercise, and conditions that increase pressure in the leg veins.
3. What symptoms can they cause?
Symptoms may include aching, heaviness, throbbing, itching, cramps, and swelling in the legs. Symptoms often worsen after long periods of standing and improve with elevation. Some people have no symptoms except the visible appearance of the veins.
4. Are varicose veins dangerous?
Most are not dangerous, but complications can occur, such as skin changes, eczema around the ankles, superficial blood clots, bleeding from veins close to the skin, or in severe cases, leg ulcers. Evaluation is important if symptoms worsen.
5. How are varicose veins diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually based on examination, and sometimes an ultrasound is arranged to assess blood flow and valve function. This helps determine the severity and guides treatment options if symptoms are significant.
6. How are varicose veins treated?
Treatment depends on symptoms and severity. Options include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, and medical procedures such as laser treatment, radiofrequency ablation, injections (sclerotherapy), or surgery in more advanced cases. Your GP may refer you to a vascular specialist when appropriate.
7. What can I do to relieve symptoms?
Regular exercise, elevating your legs, avoiding long periods of standing or sitting, wearing compression stockings, maintaining a healthy weight, and reducing salt intake can all help. These measures improve circulation and reduce swelling.
8. Can varicose veins go away on their own?
Varicose veins do not usually disappear without treatment. They may improve during certain times (e.g., after pregnancy), but most remain the same or slowly worsen over time. Early management can reduce symptoms and prevent complications.
9. Are treatments painful?
Modern treatments such as laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and sclerotherapy are usually well-tolerated and performed with local anaesthetic. Recovery is generally quick, with many people returning to normal activities shortly after.
10. Can varicose veins come back after treatment?
Yes. Even after successful treatment, new varicose veins can develop over time, especially if underlying risk factors remain. Regular exercise, weight management, and compression stockings may help reduce recurrence.
