This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP.
1. What is DVT?
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the lower leg or thigh. It can cause pain, swelling, warmth, and redness. DVT is serious because part of the clot can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
2. What causes DVT?
DVT develops when blood flow slows down or the blood becomes more likely to clot. Common causes include recent surgery, long-distance travel, prolonged immobility, hospitalisation, injury to the leg, smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical conditions that increase clotting risk.
3. What are the symptoms?
Symptoms often include swelling in one leg, pain or cramping (usually in the calf), warmth over the area, and skin that appears red or darker. Some people have very subtle symptoms, while others experience sudden, severe pain.
4. Can DVT occur without symptoms?
Yes. Some DVTs are “silent” and cause minimal or no symptoms. These can still be dangerous because they may lead to a pulmonary embolism. This is why early assessment is important if someone has multiple risk factors.
5. How is DVT diagnosed?
A DVT is usually diagnosed with an ultrasound scan of the leg veins. Blood tests such as a D-dimer may help rule out DVT in lower-risk cases. Your GP or emergency department will decide which tests are appropriate based on symptoms and risk factors.
6. How is DVT treated?
Most DVTs are treated with blood-thinning medication (anticoagulants) to stop the clot from growing and reduce the risk of new clots. Treatment usually lasts 3–6 months, depending on the cause. In some severe cases, hospital treatment or procedures to remove the clot may be needed.
7. Is DVT dangerous?
Yes. If untreated, DVT can lead to a pulmonary embolism, where a clot travels to the lungs. This is a medical emergency. DVT can also cause long-term issues such as chronic leg swelling or pain, known as post-thrombotic syndrome.
8. How can I reduce my risk of DVT?
You can lower your risk by staying active, avoiding long periods of sitting, staying hydrated, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and using compression stockings during long travel. People with known risk factors may require prevention medication around surgery or hospital stays.
9. Can I travel if I have had DVT?
Travel is usually safe once treatment is started, but you should discuss timing with your doctor. For long flights, wearing compression stockings, walking regularly, and drinking water can help reduce the risk of clot recurrence.
10. When should I seek urgent medical help?
Seek urgent care if you suddenly develop chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, or feel faint — these may be signs of a pulmonary embolism. Also seek medical attention if your leg swelling or pain suddenly worsens.
