This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP.
1. What is chickenpox?
Chickenpox is a common, highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It produces an itchy rash that starts as red bumps, becomes blisters, then scabs. It mainly affects children but adults can also get it, often with more severe symptoms.
2. How does it spread?
Chickenpox spreads very easily through coughing, sneezing, or touching the fluid from blisters. A person is infectious from 1–2 days before the rash appears until all blisters have crusted. Being indoors or in close contact increases the risk.
3. What are the symptoms?
Symptoms usually start with fever, tiredness, headache, and irritability. The rash appears soon after and may come in waves for several days. Blisters can be very itchy, and some children may also have mild stomach discomfort or swollen glands.
4. How long does it last?
Most children recover in 7–10 days. Blisters usually dry within 5–7 days. Kids can return to school or childcare once all spots are fully scabbed, as this means they are no longer contagious.
5. How is it treated?
Treatment aims to reduce discomfort:
- Paracetamol for fever (avoid ibuprofen unless advised).
- Calamine or gentle moisturisers for itch.
- Cool baths or oatmeal baths.
- Oral antihistamines if itching is severe.
- Keep nails short to reduce skin infections.
Antivirals may be used for high-risk patients but work best if started early.
6. When should I see a doctor?
Seek medical care if your child has breathing difficulty, a very high or persistent fever, signs of skin infection, severe tiredness, dehydration, or if a newborn or immunocompromised person is exposed.
7. Can adults get chickenpox?
Yes. Adults who aren’t immune can get it and tend to have more severe illness. Vaccination is recommended for adults with no history of chickenpox.
8. Is it risky during pregnancy?
Yes. Chickenpox during pregnancy can affect both mother and baby. Pregnant women exposed to chickenpox should contact a doctor promptly for assessment and possible protective treatment.
9. Can it cause shingles later?
Yes. After chickenpox, the virus stays inactive in the nerves. It can reactivate years later as shingles, especially in older adults or those with low immunity.
10. Can someone get chickenpox twice?
Most people get it only once, as the infection gives lifelong immunity. Rarely, a second infection can occur, especially if the first episode was very mild or immunity is weakened.
