This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is angioedema?
Angioedema is swelling beneath the skin, usually around the eyes, lips, tongue, hands, feet, or throat. It can occur suddenly and may be accompanied by redness or pain. Angioedema can occur alone or alongside urticaria (hives).
2. How common is angioedema?
Angioedema is relatively uncommon but can occur in people of all ages. Episodes may be isolated or recurrent. Severe angioedema affecting the throat is a medical emergency.
3. What causes angioedema?
Common causes include:
- Allergic reactions to foods, medications, insect stings, or latex
- Medications such as ACE inhibitors (for blood pressure)
- Infections or insect bites
- Hereditary angioedema (genetic)
- Idiopathic (unknown cause) in some cases
4. What are the common symptoms?
- Rapid swelling of lips, eyes, tongue, hands, feet, or genitals
- Pain, warmth, or redness in affected areas
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing if the throat is involved
- Occasionally, hives or itching may accompany swelling
5. How is angioedema diagnosed?
A GP diagnoses angioedema based on:
- Medical history, including triggers and family history
- Physical examination
- Blood tests for allergies, complement levels (for hereditary angioedema), or other investigations if recurrent
6. How is angioedema treated?
Treatment depends on cause and severity:
- Mild cases: Antihistamines to reduce swelling and itching
- Severe cases: Corticosteroids or epinephrine (adrenaline) for life-threatening reactions
- Avoiding triggers: Foods, medications, or environmental factors
- Long-term management: For hereditary angioedema, specific medications may prevent or reduce attacks
7. Can angioedema be prevented?
Yes. Avoid known triggers and carry emergency medication if prescribed (e.g., epinephrine auto-injector). People with hereditary angioedema may need preventive medication as recommended by a specialist.
8. Can lifestyle changes help?
Yes. Avoiding allergens, managing stress, and promptly treating infections can reduce the frequency of episodes. Patients with recurrent angioedema should work with a GP or specialist for individualized strategies.
9. Is angioedema dangerous?
Mild angioedema is usually not dangerous. However, swelling in the throat, tongue, or airway can block breathing and become life-threatening, requiring immediate emergency care.
10. When should I see a GP urgently?
Seek urgent medical attention if you experience:
- Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Severe, rapidly spreading swelling
- Recurrent episodes without a clear cause
Early assessment ensures prompt treatment and prevents serious complications.
