This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is urticaria?
Urticaria, also called hives, is a skin reaction that causes red, itchy, raised welts or bumps. The welts can appear anywhere on the body and may change shape or location over hours or days.
2. How common is urticaria?
Urticaria is common, affecting up to 20% of people at some point in their life. It can occur in children and adults and can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting more than six weeks).
3. What causes urticaria?
Urticaria occurs when the body releases histamine and other chemicals in response to triggers. Common triggers include:
- Allergies (food, medications, insect stings)
- Infections (viral or bacterial)
- Physical stimuli (pressure, cold, heat, sun)
- Stress or autoimmune conditions
Sometimes, the cause is unknown (idiopathic urticaria).
4. What are the common symptoms?
- Raised, red, itchy welts on the skin
- Swelling in the affected area (angioedema)
- Welts that change shape, size, or location rapidly
- Burning or stinging sensations in some cases
5. How is urticaria diagnosed?
A GP diagnoses urticaria based on:
- Medical history and recent exposures
- Physical examination of the skin
- Blood tests or allergy testing if chronic or recurrent
- Rarely, skin biopsy for unusual or persistent cases
6. How is urticaria treated?
- Antihistamines: First-line treatment to reduce itching and welts
- Avoiding triggers: Foods, medications, or environmental factors
- Short courses of corticosteroids: For severe or widespread reactions
- Specialist referral: For chronic or recurrent urticaria unresponsive to standard therapy
7. Can urticaria be prevented?
Avoid known triggers, manage stress, and follow medication advice. Identifying specific triggers through allergy testing can help prevent future episodes.
8. Can lifestyle changes help?
Yes. Wearing loose clothing, using mild skin care products, avoiding hot showers, and reducing stress can help minimize symptoms and flare-ups.
9. Is urticaria dangerous?
Most urticaria is mild and self-limiting. However, severe reactions, especially with swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat (angioedema), can be life-threatening and require urgent care.
10. When should I see a GP urgently?
Seek urgent medical attention if you experience:
- Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Severe, widespread hives that do not respond to antihistamines
Early assessment ensures proper treatment and prevents serious complications.
