This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic lining. This can cause inflammation, pain, and sometimes fertility problems.
2. What are the common symptoms?
Symptoms vary but commonly include:
- Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
- Pelvic pain between periods
- Pain during or after intercourse
- Heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding
- Fatigue
- Difficulty conceiving (infertility)
3. What causes endometriosis?
The exact cause is unknown. Possible factors include retrograde menstruation, immune system dysfunction, genetic predisposition, and hormonal influences. Risk factors include family history and early onset of menstruation.
4. How is endometriosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis may involve:
- Detailed medical history and symptom review
- Pelvic examination
- Imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI to identify cysts or endometriotic lesions
- Definitive diagnosis often requires laparoscopy (minimally invasive surgery) with tissue biopsy
5. How is endometriosis treated?
Treatment depends on severity and symptoms:
- Medications: Pain relief (NSAIDs), hormonal therapy (contraceptives, progestins, GnRH agonists) to reduce lesions and bleeding
- Surgery: Laparoscopic removal of endometriotic tissue for severe symptoms or infertility
- Lifestyle: Exercise, heat therapy, and dietary adjustments may help symptom management
6. Can endometriosis affect fertility?
Yes. Endometriosis can interfere with ovulation, fallopian tube function, and implantation. Many women with mild endometriosis can conceive naturally, while others may require fertility treatments.
7. Can endometriosis be cured?
There is no permanent cure. Treatments can reduce symptoms and improve fertility. Some women find relief after menopause, as declining hormones can reduce endometriotic tissue growth.
8. Can lifestyle changes help?
Yes. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, stress management, and techniques like yoga or physiotherapy may reduce pain and improve quality of life. Lifestyle changes complement, but do not replace, medical treatment.
9. Does endometriosis always cause symptoms?
No. Some women have endometriosis without noticeable symptoms. Symptoms do not always correlate with the severity of the disease, which is why diagnosis can be delayed.
10. When should I see a GP?
See a GP if you experience:
- Severe or worsening pelvic pain
- Painful periods that interfere with daily life
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty conceiving
Early assessment allows timely management, symptom relief, and fertility planning.
