This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What are uterine fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They are made of muscle and fibrous tissue and vary in size, number, and location. Many women may have fibroids without any symptoms.
2. How common are fibroids?
Fibroids are very common, affecting up to 70–80% of women by age 50. They are most common in women aged 30–50 and may shrink after menopause.
3. What causes fibroids?
The exact cause is unknown. Hormones (estrogen and progesterone) play a role, as fibroids often grow during reproductive years and shrink after menopause. Genetics, family history, obesity, and certain lifestyle factors may also increase risk.
4. What are the common symptoms?
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Constipation
- Pain during intercourse
- Occasionally, infertility or pregnancy complications
Many women with fibroids have no symptoms.
5. How are fibroids diagnosed?
A GP or gynecologist diagnoses fibroids through:
- Pelvic examination
- Ultrasound
- Sometimes MRI or hysteroscopy for detailed assessment
6. How are fibroids treated?
Treatment depends on symptoms, size, and location:
- Watchful waiting: For small, asymptomatic fibroids
- Medications: To control symptoms like heavy bleeding or pain (e.g., hormonal therapy)
- Minimally invasive procedures: Uterine artery embolization, endometrial ablation
- Surgery: Myomectomy (fibroid removal) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) in severe cases
7. Can fibroids affect fertility?
Some fibroids, particularly those inside the uterine cavity, can interfere with implantation or pregnancy. Many women with fibroids can conceive naturally, but fertility treatment may be needed in some cases.
8. Can lifestyle changes help?
Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and a balanced diet may help reduce risk factors, but lifestyle changes cannot eliminate fibroids. Managing stress and overall health may support symptom control.
9. Do fibroids become cancerous?
Fibroids are almost always benign. Malignant transformation (leiomyosarcoma) is extremely rare.
10. When should I see a GP urgently?
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Very heavy bleeding or prolonged periods
- Severe pelvic pain
- Symptoms of anemia (fatigue, shortness of breath)
- Rapidly growing abdominal mass
Early assessment ensures appropriate management and symptom relief.
