This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This speeds up metabolism, causing the body to work harder than normal and affecting many systems including the heart, muscles, and nervous system.
2. What are the common symptoms?
Symptoms include unexplained weight loss despite normal or increased appetite, rapid heartbeat, palpitations, anxiety, tremors, sweating, heat intolerance, frequent bowel movements, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. Some people also notice swelling in the neck or bulging eyes.
3. What causes hyperthyroidism?
The most common cause is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune condition. Other causes include toxic nodular goiter, thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis), and excessive intake of thyroid hormone. Less commonly, certain tumors can produce thyroid hormones.
4. How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?
A GP diagnoses hyperthyroidism with blood tests measuring thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Low TSH with elevated thyroid hormones usually confirms the diagnosis. Additional tests, like antibodies or thyroid scans, may identify the cause.
5. How is hyperthyroidism treated?
Treatment options include medications (antithyroid drugs), radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid. Beta-blockers may be used temporarily to control symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and tremors.
6. Can hyperthyroidism be cured?
Depending on the cause and treatment, hyperthyroidism can be controlled or cured. Graves’ disease and nodular goiter may require long-term management. Some people may become hypothyroid after treatment and need lifelong thyroid hormone replacement.
7. What are the risks of untreated hyperthyroidism?
If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can cause heart problems (arrhythmias, heart failure), osteoporosis, muscle weakness, weight loss, infertility, and in rare cases, thyroid storm—a life-threatening condition with severe fever, rapid heartbeat, and confusion.
8. How often should blood tests be done?
After starting treatment, thyroid hormone levels are monitored every 4–6 weeks until stable. Once controlled, testing is usually done every 3–6 months, or more often if medications or symptoms change.
9. Can lifestyle changes help?
Maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding stimulants like caffeine, managing stress, and getting regular exercise can help manage symptoms. However, medical treatment is essential to control hormone levels safely.
10. When should I see a GP urgently?
Seek urgent medical attention if you experience a rapid heartbeat, severe palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, high fever, confusion, or extreme weakness. These may indicate a thyroid storm or other serious complications requiring immediate care.
