This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is BPPV?
BPPV is a common inner ear condition that causes brief episodes of dizziness or vertigo, especially when you change the position of your head. It occurs when tiny calcium crystals in the inner ear become loose and move into the balance canals, triggering a spinning sensation.
2. What are the typical symptoms?
Symptoms include sudden spinning dizziness that lasts seconds to a minute, usually triggered by rolling in bed, looking up, bending down, or turning your head quickly. Some people also experience nausea, imbalance, or light-headedness between episodes.
3. What causes BPPV?
BPPV often happens without a clear cause. It can be related to ageing, head injuries, viral inner ear infections, prolonged bed rest, or degenerative changes in the inner ear. Sometimes it occurs after a strong cough, sneeze, or sudden movement.
4. Is BPPV dangerous?
BPPV itself is not dangerous and does not indicate a serious disease. However, the sudden dizziness can increase the risk of falls, especially in older adults. It is important to get assessed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other causes of vertigo.
5. How is BPPV diagnosed?
A GP diagnoses BPPV based on your symptoms and a physical test called the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre. This test triggers vertigo and specific eye movements that confirm BPPV. Further scans are usually not needed unless symptoms are unusual.
6. How is BPPV treated?
Treatment involves certain head and body movements, such as the Epley manoeuvre, which help move the loose crystals back to their correct position. This treatment works quickly for most people. A GP or physiotherapist trained in vestibular therapy can perform it.
7. Can BPPV go away on its own?
Yes. Some people improve over days to weeks without treatment. However, symptoms often resolve much faster with repositioning manoeuvres performed by a trained clinician.
8. Why does BPPV come back?
BPPV can recur because the inner ear crystals may loosen again. Recurrence is common, especially with age. Keeping good hydration, avoiding prolonged lying on one side, and treating any underlying ear issues can reduce recurrence.
9. What should I avoid during a BPPV episode?
Avoid sudden head movements, driving during severe dizziness, sleeping flat on your back, or lying on the affected side for a few days after treatment. Move slowly when changing positions to prevent sudden vertigo.
10. When should I see a GP?
See a GP if the dizziness lasts longer than a minute per episode, is constant, affects your hearing, causes fainting or severe headaches, or if symptoms do not improve with BPPV treatment. These may indicate another cause of vertigo that needs assessment.
