This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is frozen shoulder?
Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, is a condition where the shoulder joint becomes stiff and painful, limiting movement. It often develops gradually and can take months to improve.
2. What are the common symptoms?
Symptoms include shoulder pain, stiffness, difficulty raising or rotating the arm, reduced range of motion, and pain that may worsen at night or with movement.
3. What causes frozen shoulder?
The exact cause is not always clear, but it can develop after injury, surgery, prolonged immobilization, or in people with diabetes, thyroid disorders, or other medical conditions. In many cases, it occurs without a clear trigger.
4. How is frozen shoulder diagnosed?
A GP can usually diagnose frozen shoulder based on your symptoms and a physical examination, including assessing shoulder movement and stiffness. Tests are generally not needed unless other conditions are suspected.
5. How is frozen shoulder treated?
Treatment focuses on pain relief and restoring mobility. Options include physiotherapy exercises, pain medications (paracetamol, NSAIDs if suitable), steroid injections, and in some cases, surgical procedures to release the joint capsule.
6. Can frozen shoulder improve on its own?
Yes. Frozen shoulder often resolves gradually over 12–18 months, even without surgery. Early intervention with physiotherapy can help speed recovery and reduce stiffness.
7. How long does recovery take?
Recovery typically occurs in stages:
- Freezing stage: pain worsens and movement decreases (weeks to months)
- Frozen stage: stiffness remains, pain may lessen (4–12 months)
- Thawing stage: gradual return of movement (6–12 months)
Full recovery can take up to 2 years in some cases.
8. Can frozen shoulder affect daily activities?
Yes. Limited shoulder movement can make dressing, reaching overhead, lifting objects, and performing household tasks difficult. Early physiotherapy helps maintain function.
9. Are there exercises I can do to help frozen shoulder?
Yes. Gentle range-of-motion exercises and stretching under physiotherapist guidance can prevent worsening stiffness, maintain mobility, and aid recovery. Avoid forcing movement if it causes severe pain.
10. When should I see a GP for frozen shoulder?
See your GP if you have persistent shoulder pain, increasing stiffness, reduced range of motion, or difficulty performing daily activities. Early assessment helps confirm the diagnosis and start appropriate treatment.
