This information is general only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
1. What is an ear infection?
An ear infection is inflammation or infection of the ear. It can affect the outer ear (otitis externa), middle ear (otitis media), or inner ear, often causing pain, fluid buildup, and sometimes hearing changes.
2. What are the common symptoms?
Symptoms may include ear pain, swelling, redness, fluid or pus draining from the ear, fever, reduced hearing, itching, and in children, irritability or tugging at the ear.
3. What causes ear infections?
Middle ear infections are usually caused by bacteria or viruses following a cold, flu, or sinus infection. Outer ear infections often result from bacteria or fungi, sometimes after swimming or trauma to the ear canal.
4. How is an ear infection diagnosed?
GPs examine the ear using an otoscope to look at the eardrum and ear canal. They may ask about symptoms and recent illnesses. In some cases, swabs or hearing tests may be done.
5. How are ear infections treated?
Treatment depends on the type:
- Middle ear infections may need antibiotics if bacterial. Pain relief (paracetamol or ibuprofen) is commonly used.
- Outer ear infections are usually treated with medicated ear drops.
- Most viral ear infections improve on their own.
6. Can ear infections resolve on their own?
Many ear infections, especially viral ones or mild outer ear infections, improve without antibiotics. Pain relief and monitoring are usually sufficient. However, bacterial middle ear infections in children or high-risk adults may require treatment.
7. Can ear infections affect hearing?
Temporary hearing loss is common due to fluid in the middle ear. Hearing usually returns once the infection resolves. Recurrent infections may require further evaluation to prevent long-term issues.
8. How can ear infections be prevented?
Preventive measures include avoiding swimming in contaminated water, drying ears properly after swimming, managing allergies or sinus infections, practicing good hygiene, and keeping vaccinations up to date.
9. Are ear infections contagious?
Middle ear infections themselves are not contagious, but the viruses or bacteria that cause them (from colds or flu) can be spread to others.
10. When should I see a GP for an ear infection?
See your GP if you have severe pain, fever, fluid or blood draining from the ear, persistent symptoms lasting more than 2–3 days, hearing loss, or if the infection occurs in a young child or someone with underlying health problems.
