1. What is a cold sore?
A cold sore is a small, painful blister or group of blisters that usually appear on or around the lips. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus, most commonly HSV-1. Once infected, the virus stays in the body for life.
2. How do people get cold sores?
Cold sores are spread through close contact, such as kissing or sharing items like cups, cutlery, or towels with someone who has the virus. The virus can be passed on even when sores are not visible.
3. What are the early signs of a cold sore?
Many people experience tingling, itching, or burning around the lips one to two days before a blister appears. Starting treatment at this early stage may help shorten the outbreak.
4. How long does a cold sore last?
A cold sore usually lasts around 7 to 10 days. It typically crusts over and heals on its own without leaving a scar.
5. Are cold sores contagious?
Yes. Cold sores are most contagious when blisters or open sores are present. However, the virus can still be spread even when there are no visible sores.
6. What can trigger a cold sore outbreak?
Common triggers include stress, illness, fever, tiredness, sun exposure, and hormonal changes. Triggers vary between people.
7. How are cold sores treated?
Most cold sores heal without treatment. Antiviral creams or tablets may reduce pain and speed up healing, especially if started early. A GP can advise whether treatment is appropriate.
8. Do cold sores come back?
Yes. After the initial infection, the virus stays dormant in the body and can reactivate, leading to repeat cold sores. Some people have few or no recurrences.
9. Can cold sores be prevented?
Sun protection for the lips, avoiding direct contact with sores, and maintaining general health may help reduce outbreaks. Preventive antiviral medication may be recommended for frequent episodes.
10. When should I see a GP about a cold sore?
See a GP if cold sores are frequent, severe, not improving after 10–14 days, or occur in infants, during pregnancy, or in people with weakened immune systems.
Disclaimer
The information on this page is general health information only and does not replace advice from your GP or healthcare professional.
